Everything about Pope Alexander Iv totally explained
Pope Alexander IV (
1199 or ca.
1185 –
May 25 1261) was
Pope from
1254 until his death.
Born as
Rinaldo di Jenne, a native of
Jenne, near
Anagni, he was, on his mother's side, a member of the de' Conti di Segni family, the counts of
Segni, like
Pope Innocent III (1198 - 1216) and
Pope Gregory IX (1227 - 1241). His uncle,
Pope Gregory IX made him
Cardinal Deacon and Protector of the Order of Franciscans in
1227,
Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church in
1229 and
Bishop of Ostia in
1231 (or
1232). He became
Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals in
1244 (or in
1240). On the death of
Pope Innocent IV (1243 - 1254) he was elected Pope at
Naples on
December 12 1254.
Alexander IV succeeded Innocent IV as guardian of
Conradin, the last of the
Hohenstaufen, promising him protection; but in less than a
fortnight he conspired against him and bitterly opposed Conradin's uncle
Manfred. Alexander IV threatened
excommunication and
interdict against the party of Manfred, without effect. Nor could he enlist the Kings of
England and
Norway in a
crusade against the Hohenstaufen.
Rome itself became too
Ghibelline for the Pope, who withdrew to
Viterbo, where he died in
1261. He was buried in
Viterbo Cathedral, but his tomb was destroyed during
sixteenth century renovations.
His pontificate was signalized by efforts to unite the
Eastern Orthodox and
Roman Catholic churches, by the establishment of the
Inquisition in
France, by favours shown to the
mendicant orders, and by an attempt to organize a
crusade against the
Tatars after the second raid against
Poland in 1259.
On 12th April, 1261, shortly before his death, he granted a papal bull to
Henry III of England, absolving him of oaths taken in the
Provisions of Oxford, which was instrumental in the
Second Barons' War.
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